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(詳細はsexual abuse by Roman Catholic clergy. The issue of child sexual abuse by Roman Catholic priests was first publicized in 1985 when a Louisiana priest pled guilty to 11 counts of molestation of boys.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pedophile ex-priest Gilbert Gauthe out of Texas jail )〕 It was again brought to national attention when a number of books on the topic were published in the 1990s. As it became clear that there was truth to many of the allegations and that there was a pattern of cover-ups in a number of large dioceses across the United States, the issue became a nationwide scandal, creating a crisis for the Catholic Church in the United States. Allegations in the United States also encouraged victims in other nations to come forward, rapidly creating a global crisis for the Church. Over many decades, priests and lay members of religious orders in the Roman Catholic Church had sexually abused children on a scale such that the accusations reached into the thousands. A major aggravating factor was the actions of Catholic bishops to keep these crimes secret and to reassign the accused to other parishes in positions where they had continued unsupervised contact with youth. Many of the accused priests were forced to resign or were laicized. In addition, several bishops who had participated in the cover-up were also forced to resign or retire.〔 The dioceses in which the crimes were committed found it necessary to make financial settlements with the victims totaling in the hundreds of millions of dollars.〔 The revelations nationwide led to a "zero tolerance" policy by the National Council of Catholic Bishops. Reported incidences since that time have dropped substantially and, when they occurred, been reported by the church itself. ==Settlements== The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dallas paid $30.9 million in 1998 to twelve victims of one priest ($ in present-day terms).〔 In early 2002, the ''Boston Globe'' covered the criminal prosecutions of five Roman Catholic priests in an article that won an uncontested Pulitzer Prize. The issue of child rape and sexual assault of Roman Catholic children became a national scandal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Abuse in the Catholic Church )〕〔(Saunderslawyers.com ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(PBS.org ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(Springerlink.com ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(PEP-web.org ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(NPR.org ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(Highbeam.com ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(Archive.newsmax.com ). Retrieved March 21, 2009.〕〔(Multiline.com.au ). Retrieved March 212, 2009.〕 The coverage of these cases encouraged others to come forward with allegations of abuse, resulting in more lawsuits and criminal cases.〔Bruni, ''A Gospel of Shame'' (2002), p. 336〕 In July 2003 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville paid $25.7 million to "settle child sexual-abuse allegations made in 240 lawsuits naming 34 priests and other church workers." In 2003, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston settled a large case for $85 million with 552 alleged victims. In 2004, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange settled nearly 90 cases for $100 million. In April 2007 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon agreed to a $75 million settlement with 177 claimants and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seattle agreed to a $48 million settlement with more than 160 victims. In July 2007 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles reached a $660 million agreement with more than 500 alleged victims, in December 2006, the archdiocese had a settlement of 45 lawsuits for $60 million. In September 2007, the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego reached a $198.1 million "agreement with 144 childhood sexual abuse victims." In July 2008 the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Denver agreed "to pay $5.5 million to settle 18 claims of childhood sexual abuse." The Associated Press estimated the total from settlements of sex abuse cases from 1950–2007 to be more than $2 billion.〔 BishopAccountability reports that figure reached more than $3 billion in 2012. Addressing "a flood of abuse claims" five dioceses (Tucson, Arizona; Spokane, Washington; Portland, Oregon.; Davenport, Iowa, and San Diego) got bankruptcy protection.〔 Eight Catholic dioceses have declared bankruptcy due to sex abuse cases from 2004–2011.〔 * (Tucson Diocese emerges from Chapter 11 protection ) * * * (Radio Iowa: Judge throws out Iowa City Regina priest suit ) * (SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Metro – S.D. Catholic diocese files for bankruptcy ) * * ( "Filing Halts Abuse Trial" ), ''Baltimore Sun''. 2009-10-20. Retrieved 2010-05-06. * * 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catholic sex abuse cases in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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